FOOTBAL / SOCCER HISTORY

China is the homeland of soccer, in addition to science, culture and religious wisdom. In Chinese football has been played by people since 7,000 years ago-a long period of a false claim. So far people think football was born in England in the 19th century. The authors of football history as well as objections to admit China as a country that gave birth to football. Britain, and Europe in general, really just develop this sport than what has been discovered by the people of Central Asia.

The oldest records about football is found in China from the Tsin Dynasty (255-206 BCE). The manuscript was suspected, this game is obtained by down-termurun since 5,000 years earlier. At the time of Tsin, a game called tsu chu was originally used to physically train the soldiers of the kingdom. Later developed into a fun game despite difficult.

Tsu chu which means "kick ball" was born from an ancient Chinese belief. By author Li You (55-135), the ball represents the moon is very sacred and symbolize two opposing teams of yin and yang. Number 12 was taken from the number of months in the Chinese calendar. The game was already familiar with the referee. He led the game and calculate the score. Documents from the year 50 BC reported a match between China and the Japanese team at Kyoto. No mention what score eventually.

Italian adventurer, Marco Polo (1254-1324), introducing modern football from China and Japan during the return to Europe. But the researchers are still debating whether adventurers it's the only person who contributed to carrying a football in there. Some doubt, some are not sure Europe has "stole" this game from ancient Asia by Marco Polo.

Japanese people play this sport after padagang and their students visited China. The Japanese adopted the tsu chu with more creative. They call it here. Players from two to 12 people. Net in the form of two trees that stand parallel.

The Englishman began to recognize the football around the 8th century. Just like the Roman, the ball game in England is much more brutal. Played in a wide field or the street is 3-4 kilometers. King Edward II refer to football as "a game vicious hateful to God." He forbade his people to do this exercise in April 1314, especially for the nobility. soccer is considered tacky for using human skull as a ball.

Modern football began and orderly after Giovanni Bardi from Italy recorded a series of rules of this game in 1580. In Italy, soccer is called calcio. The next year, Richard Mulcaster in England also do the same. Head of Merchant Taylor's School and St. Paul was called for restrictions on player and referee. Presentation in the book Where in Those Primitive Position Circumstanes be Examined were more concerned with violence and encourage the reduction of fitness aspect.

Two hundred years later, Joseph Strutt refine these rules. Learning from the history of English football in 1700, he wrote the book The Sports and Pastimes of the People England. In this book he made a rule that football should consist of two teams with the same number of players. Both teams have to scramble the ball to put it into the opponent's goal separated by a distance of 70-90 meters.

In the World Soccer (1992), Guy Oliver wrote that the rules and game tsu chu and here is a source of inspiration of modern football.

Mulcaster dubbed "football's most staunch defenders of the 16th century." That's because he campaigned assiduously football that is not brutal. This game, he says, even to be played by women and children because it is useful for strength and fitness. While in China, according to the painters of the Ming Dynasty, Jin Du, women tsu chu was played between the years 1465-1509.

Strutt concept is then used as the foundation of modern football rules. This underlies the birth of a foothold in the British Football Association on October 26, 1863 by 11 football clubs in there whose members consist of the students. Initially, the association set the number of players a team of 15-21 people. In 1870 standardized the number of players to eleven. New goalkeeper appeared in 1880.

From the organization of this reason the term was born soccer, from abbreviation word association. Charles Wreford Brown, student at Oxford, found accidentally this term when asked people whether he was a rugby player (rugger), a sport more popular there. Brown replied, "No, I'am soccer."

1863 is a milestone of modern football. In addition there is the referee, broad field and a limited number of players, football is only wearing animal skins filled with air. The game was then spread to the British colonial state and the rapidly growing and complex as the mass culture in the modern age.

The first football competition which starts in England. The growth of soccer kept going throughout the universe. Even in 1879 are familiar with the steps of professional football in Darwin, the two players John Love and Fergus Suter reported as the first people who receive pay from his talent for playing sepakbola.Setelah Football Association, immediately menyulus in the Netherlands, the Scottisch FA (1873) The TA of Wales (1875), and The Irish FA in Belfast, New Zealand (1891), Argentina (1893), Chile (1895), Switzerland and Belgium (1895) Italy (1898), German and Uruguay (1900), Hungary (1901), and 1907.Pada Finland in 1907, there stood the world football federation (FIFA) in Paris. Vanguard is France, Denmark, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland. Of the seven members grow to 36 in 1925 and after World War II interrupted, grabbing World Cup II was attended by 73 members. And at this time FIFA has as many as 146.3 million club members. Among the many clubs, 200,000 of them located in Europe with approximately 680,000 teams and 22 million active players.

As a mass culture, soccer has attracted the interest of scientists with diverse backgrounds: social, economic, political, philosophical. Victor Matheson of the Department of Economics Williams College, England, in his research in 2003 concluded that the professional clubs in Europe and South America's economic growth contributed significantly to the country. Each club, with a turnover of trillions of dollars, employ at least 3,000 employees. Or holiganisme in the UK that attract the interest of sociologists in researching support a squad.